The present work aims to identify the role, in the current economy, the metal that ranks second in importance only to iron. The analysis will proceed by considering the copper market, one of the most important segments of the international market of raw materials, through the three characteristic phases of production, use and recovery of scrap (recycled copper is almost always). In this regard, the production of copper is distinguished in the production of primary copper, caused by direct extraction and production of secondary copper or recovery of scrap. Copper consumption, steadily increasing in recent years, can not be satisfied with just the primary market. Because of the importance of recovering in response to problems arising from new eco-technological management strategies, the secondary market has today become a real parallel market, which gives many countries including Italy to have huge reserves while not having to remove mines from which your extension. The changes in recent years have helped making the meeting point of supply and demand is extremely dynamic and flexible. The red metal market has been increasingly characterized as an oligopolistic market because from supply side a very high percentage of production is covered by a small number of mining companies and the demand side of the manufacturing is highly concentrated in a relatively few large industrial companies. The evolution of these last thirty years has brought significant changes in the production of this metal not only in industry (for the need to adapt to the challenges of the market) but also at the macroeconomic level. The areas of exploitation of copper as the leading sectors of the economy, such as electricity (at the base of the first great boom of the copper industry at the beginning of the century), the electromechanical, construction and even the mechanics, heat transfer, transport and the more general consumer goods for furniture, crafts, coins have been investigated. Also noteworthy is the work of research into new materials for the most varied forms of use and of necessity, in order to cope with an increasingly demanding market (also at the level of consumption of semifinished products made of copper and its alloys, there has , in the last thirty years to a considerable increase). The research is therefore now directed towards developing new alloys and new products can offer even better performance in terms of quality, durability and cost (quality today assumes a distinct species importance within the EU), and both to the solution of problems that some metal alloy may pose to the environment and humans. As for pricing, as in all markets, and as with any commodity, it comes from the meeting of supply and demand, taking into account the function of stock exchanges and the use made of metals from industrial enterprises in these institutions, in particular in order to mitigate the risk of price fluctuations, by entering into hedging transactions. Since then the copper raw material is of high importance to the daily listing on the major financial centers worldwide. The role played by the London Metal Exchange in fixing the selling price of copper and its main characteristics which Recognised Investment Exchange (RIE) have, therefore, been investigated. Attention have been initially focused on the study of the main financial instruments such as derivatives, futures, forwards and options, and then moved on to a concrete application of these tools in various situations that may come to configure on the London Metal Exchange ("Contango" - "Backwardation"). Finally, the cost-effectiveness for the various industries used in the copper have been invstigated, resulting on improved inventory management, carried out thanks to the use of such contracts, through which companies can avoid or at least minimize the costs financing and storage associated with improper management of the warehouses.

Il presente lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di individuare il ruolo, nell’attuale economia, del metallo che occupa il secondo posto per importanza dopo il ferro. L’analisi procederà considerando il mercato del rame, quale uno dei segmenti più importanti del mercato internazionale delle materie prime, attraverso le tre fasi caratteristiche di produzione, impiego e recupero dei rottami (il rame è praticamente riciclato da sempre). A riguardo, la produzione di rame viene distinta in produzione di rame primario, derivante da diretta estrazione e produzione di rame secondario o da recupero dei rottami. Il consumo di rame, in crescente aumento negli ultimi anni, non può essere soddisfatto con il solo mercato primario. E’ proprio per questo, e per l’importanza assunta oggi dal recupero quale risposta ai problemi derivanti dalle nuove strategie gestionali ecologico-tecnologiche, che il mercato secondario è divenuto un vero e proprio mercato parallelo che permette a molti paesi tra cui l’Italia di disporre di enormi riserve pur non avendo al proprio interno miniere da cui estrarlo. I cambiamenti degli ultimi anni hanno contribuito a rendere il punto di incontro della domanda e dell’offerta estremamente dinamico e flessibile. Il mercato del metallo rosso è andato sempre più caratterizzandosi come mercato oligopolistico in quanto, dal lato dell’offerta, una percentuale molto elevata della produzione è coperta da un numero esiguo di imprese minerarie e dal lato della domanda le lavorazioni sono altamente concentrate in un numero relativamente esiguo di imprese industriali di grandi dimensioni. L’evoluzione di questi ultimi trent’anni ha portato significativi cambiamenti nella produzione di questo metallo non solo a livello industriale (per l’esigenza di adeguarsi alle sfide del mercato) ma anche a livello macroeconomico. A livello di impieghi si evidenzierà che i settori di utilizzazione del rame sono i settori trainanti dell’economia, come l’elettricità (alla base del primo grande boom dell’industria del rame agli inizi del secolo), l’elettromeccanica, l’edilizia, e ancora la meccanica, lo scambio termico, i trasporti ed i più generali beni di consumo per l’arredamento, l’artigianato, la monetazione. Inoltre considerevole è il lavoro di ricerca verso nuovi materiali per le più disparate forme di utilizzazione e di necessità, allo scopo di far fronte ad un mercato sempre più esigente (anche a livello di consumi di semilavorati di rame e delle sue leghe, si è assistito, negli ultimi trent’anni ad un considerevole incremento). La ricerca è dunque oggi orientata sia verso la definizione di nuove leghe e nuovi prodotti in grado di offrire prestazioni sempre migliori in termini di qualità, durata e costo (la qualità assume oggi una spiccata importanza specie nell’ambito UE), e sia verso la soluzione di problemi che alcuni metalli in lega possono comportare per l’ambiente e per l’uomo. Per quanto riguarda la determinazione del prezzo, come in tutti i mercati e come per tutte le materie prime, esso scaturisce dall’incontro della domanda e dell’offerta, tenendo conto della funzione delle borse metalli ed il ricorso fatto dalle imprese industriali a questi istituti, in particolare al fine di attenuare il rischio di fluttuazioni delle quotazioni, tramite la stipulazione di operazioni di copertura. Essendo poi il rame una materia prima di elevata importanza la quotazione avviene giornalmente sulle principali piazze finanziarie mondiali. Si analizzerà, quindi, il ruolo svolto dal London Metal Exchange nella fissazione del prezzo di vendita del rame e le sue caratteristiche principali quale Recognised Investment Exchange (R.I.E.). Sarà focalizzata l’attenzione dapprima sullo studio dei principali strumenti finanziari derivati quali, futures, forward e option, per poi passare ad un’applicazione concreta di detti strumenti nelle varie situazioni che si possono venire a configurare sul London Metal Exchange (“Contango” - “Backwardation”). Sarà valutata, infine, la convenienza economica per le varie industrie impiegate nel settore del rame, derivante da un’oculata gestione delle scorte, effettuata proprio grazie al ricorso a detti contratti, medianti i quali le imprese possono evitare o per lo meno minimizzare i costi di finanziamento e di stoccaggio associati ad una non appropriata gestione dei magazzini.

Alcuni aspetti sull’economia del rame / Amendola, Carlo. - STAMPA. - (2000).

Alcuni aspetti sull’economia del rame

AMENDOLA, Carlo
01/01/2000

Abstract

The present work aims to identify the role, in the current economy, the metal that ranks second in importance only to iron. The analysis will proceed by considering the copper market, one of the most important segments of the international market of raw materials, through the three characteristic phases of production, use and recovery of scrap (recycled copper is almost always). In this regard, the production of copper is distinguished in the production of primary copper, caused by direct extraction and production of secondary copper or recovery of scrap. Copper consumption, steadily increasing in recent years, can not be satisfied with just the primary market. Because of the importance of recovering in response to problems arising from new eco-technological management strategies, the secondary market has today become a real parallel market, which gives many countries including Italy to have huge reserves while not having to remove mines from which your extension. The changes in recent years have helped making the meeting point of supply and demand is extremely dynamic and flexible. The red metal market has been increasingly characterized as an oligopolistic market because from supply side a very high percentage of production is covered by a small number of mining companies and the demand side of the manufacturing is highly concentrated in a relatively few large industrial companies. The evolution of these last thirty years has brought significant changes in the production of this metal not only in industry (for the need to adapt to the challenges of the market) but also at the macroeconomic level. The areas of exploitation of copper as the leading sectors of the economy, such as electricity (at the base of the first great boom of the copper industry at the beginning of the century), the electromechanical, construction and even the mechanics, heat transfer, transport and the more general consumer goods for furniture, crafts, coins have been investigated. Also noteworthy is the work of research into new materials for the most varied forms of use and of necessity, in order to cope with an increasingly demanding market (also at the level of consumption of semifinished products made of copper and its alloys, there has , in the last thirty years to a considerable increase). The research is therefore now directed towards developing new alloys and new products can offer even better performance in terms of quality, durability and cost (quality today assumes a distinct species importance within the EU), and both to the solution of problems that some metal alloy may pose to the environment and humans. As for pricing, as in all markets, and as with any commodity, it comes from the meeting of supply and demand, taking into account the function of stock exchanges and the use made of metals from industrial enterprises in these institutions, in particular in order to mitigate the risk of price fluctuations, by entering into hedging transactions. Since then the copper raw material is of high importance to the daily listing on the major financial centers worldwide. The role played by the London Metal Exchange in fixing the selling price of copper and its main characteristics which Recognised Investment Exchange (RIE) have, therefore, been investigated. Attention have been initially focused on the study of the main financial instruments such as derivatives, futures, forwards and options, and then moved on to a concrete application of these tools in various situations that may come to configure on the London Metal Exchange ("Contango" - "Backwardation"). Finally, the cost-effectiveness for the various industries used in the copper have been invstigated, resulting on improved inventory management, carried out thanks to the use of such contracts, through which companies can avoid or at least minimize the costs financing and storage associated with improper management of the warehouses.
2000
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/439299
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