We present the statistical properties of the Cold Clump Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO), the first all-sky catalogue of cold objects, in terms of their spatial distribution, dust temperature, distance, mass, and morphology. We have combined Planck and IRAS data to extract 10 342 cold sources that stand out against a warmer environment. The sources are distributed over the whole sky, including in the Galactic plane, despite the confusion, and up to high latitudes (>30 degrees). We find a strong spatial correlation of these sources with ancillary data tracing Galactic molecular structures and infrared dark clouds where the latter have been catalogued. These cold clumps are not isolated but clustered in groups. Dust temperature and emissivity spectral index values are derived from their spectral energy distributions using both Planck and IRAS data. The temperatures range from 7K to 19K, with a distribution peaking around 13K. The data are inconsistent with a constant value of the associated spectral index beta over the whole temperature range: beta varies from 1.4 to 2.8, with a mean value around 2.1. Distances are obtained for approximately one third of the objects. Most of the detections lie within 2 kpc of the Sun, but more distant sources are also detected, out to 7 kpc. The mass estimates inferred from dust emission range from 0.4 M-circle dot to 2.4 x 10(5) M-circle dot. Their physical properties show that these cold sources trace a broad range of objects, from low-mass dense cores to giant molecular clouds, hence the "cold clump" terminology. This first statistical analysis of the C3PO reveals at least two colder populations of special interest with temperatures in the range 7 to 12K: cores that mostly lie close to the Sun; and massive cold clumps located in the inner Galaxy. We also describe the statistics of the early cold core (ECC) sample that is a subset of the C3PO, containing only the 915 most reliable detections. The ECC is delivered as a part of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC).

Planck early results. XXIII. The first all-sky survey of galactic cold clumps / Planck, Collaboration; P. A. R., Ade; N., Aghanim; M., Arnaud; M., Ashdown; J., Aumont; C., Baccigalupi; A., Balbi; A. J., Banday; R. B., Barreiro; J. G., Bartlett; E., Battaner; K., Benabed; A., Benoit; J. P., Bernard; M., Bersanelli; R., Bhatia; J. J., Bock; A., Bonaldi; J. R., Bond; J., Borrill; F. R., Bouchet; F., Boulanger; M., Bucher; C., Burigana; Cabella, Paolo; C. M., Cantalupo; J. F., Cardoso; Catalano, Andrea; L., Cayon; A., Challinor; A., Chamballu; R. R., Chary; L. Y., Chiang; P. R., Christensen; D. L., Clements; S., Colombi; F., Couchot; A., Coulais; B. P., Crill; F., Cuttaia; L., Danese; R. D., Davies; R. J., Davis; DE BERNARDIS, Paolo; G., De Gasperis; A., De Rosa; G., De Zotti; J., Delabrouille; J. M., Delouis; F. X., Desert; C., Dickinson; K., Dobashi; S., Donzelli; O., Dore; U., Dorl; M., Douspis; X., Dupac; G., Efstathiou; T. A., Ensslin; E., Falgarone; F., Finelli; O., Forni; M., Frailis; E., Franceschi; S., Galeotta; K., Ganga; M., Giard; G., Giardino; Y., Giraud Heraud; J., Gonzalez Nuevo; K. M., Gorski; S., Gratton; A., Gregorio; A., Gruppuso; F. K., Hansen; D., Harrison; G., Helou; S., Henrot Versille; D., Herranz; S. R., Hildebrandt; E., Hivon; M., Hobson; W. A., Holmes; W., Hovest; R. J., Hoyland; K. M., Huffenberger; A. H., Jaffe; G., Joncas; W. C., Jones; M., Juvela; E., Keihanen; R., Keskitalo; T. S., Kisner; R., Kneissl; L., Knox; H., Kurki Suonio; G., Lagache; J. M., Lamarre; A., Lasenby; R. J., Laureijs; C. R., Lawrence; S., Leach; R., Leonardi; C., Leroy; M., Linden Vørnle; M., Linden Vornle; M., Lopez Caniego; P. M., Lubin; J. F., Macias Perez; C. J., Mactavish; B., Maffei; N., Mandolesi; R., Mann; M., Maris; D. J., Marshall; P., Martin; E., Martinez Gonzalez; G., Marton; Masi, Silvia; S., Matarrese; F., Matthai; P., Mazzotta; P., Mcgehee; Melchiorri, Alessandro; L., Mendes; A., Mennella; S., Mitra; M. A., Miville Deschenes; A., Moneti; L., Montier; G., Morgante; D., Mortlock; D., Munshi; A., Murphy; P., Naselsky; Nati, Federico; P., Natoli; C. B., Netterfield; H. U., Nørgaard Nielsen; H. U., Norgaard Nielsen; F., Noviello; D., Novikov; I., Novikov; S., Osborne; F., Pajot; R., Paladini; F., Pasian; G., Patanchon; T. J., Pearson; V. M., Pelkonen; O., Perdereau; L., Perotto; F., Perrotta; Piacentini, Francesco; M., Piat; S., Plaszczynski; E., Pointecouteau; Polenta, Gianluca; N., Ponthieu; T., Poutanen; G., Prezeau; S., Prunet; J. L., Puget; W. T., Reach; R., Rebolo; M., Reinecke; C., Renault; Ricciardi, Sara; T., Riller; I., Ristorcelli; G., Rocha; C., Rosset; M., Rowan Robinson; J. A., Rubino Martin; B., Rusholme; M., Sandri; D., Santos; G., Savini; D., Scott; M. D., Seiffert; G. F., Smoot; J. L., Starck; Stivoli, Federico; V., Stolyarov; R., Sudiwala; J. F., Sygnet; J. A., Tauber; L., Terenzi; L., Toffolatti; M., Tomasi; J. P., Torre; V., Toth; M., Tristram; J., Tuovinen; G., Umana; L., Valenziano; P., Vielva; F., Villa; N., Vittorio; L. A., Wade; B. D., Wandelt; N., Ysard; D., Yvon; A., Zacchei; S., Zahorecz; A., Zonca. - In: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS. - ISSN 0004-6361. - STAMPA. - 536:(2011), p. A23. [10.1051/0004-6361/201116472]

Planck early results. XXIII. The first all-sky survey of galactic cold clumps

CABELLA, PAOLO;CATALANO, Andrea;DE BERNARDIS, Paolo;G. De Gasperis;MASI, Silvia;MELCHIORRI, Alessandro;NATI, FEDERICO;PIACENTINI, Francesco;POLENTA, GIANLUCA;RICCIARDI, Sara;STIVOLI, federico;
2011

Abstract

We present the statistical properties of the Cold Clump Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO), the first all-sky catalogue of cold objects, in terms of their spatial distribution, dust temperature, distance, mass, and morphology. We have combined Planck and IRAS data to extract 10 342 cold sources that stand out against a warmer environment. The sources are distributed over the whole sky, including in the Galactic plane, despite the confusion, and up to high latitudes (>30 degrees). We find a strong spatial correlation of these sources with ancillary data tracing Galactic molecular structures and infrared dark clouds where the latter have been catalogued. These cold clumps are not isolated but clustered in groups. Dust temperature and emissivity spectral index values are derived from their spectral energy distributions using both Planck and IRAS data. The temperatures range from 7K to 19K, with a distribution peaking around 13K. The data are inconsistent with a constant value of the associated spectral index beta over the whole temperature range: beta varies from 1.4 to 2.8, with a mean value around 2.1. Distances are obtained for approximately one third of the objects. Most of the detections lie within 2 kpc of the Sun, but more distant sources are also detected, out to 7 kpc. The mass estimates inferred from dust emission range from 0.4 M-circle dot to 2.4 x 10(5) M-circle dot. Their physical properties show that these cold sources trace a broad range of objects, from low-mass dense cores to giant molecular clouds, hence the "cold clump" terminology. This first statistical analysis of the C3PO reveals at least two colder populations of special interest with temperatures in the range 7 to 12K: cores that mostly lie close to the Sun; and massive cold clumps located in the inner Galaxy. We also describe the statistics of the early cold core (ECC) sample that is a subset of the C3PO, containing only the 915 most reliable detections. The ECC is delivered as a part of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC).
2011
Dust; extinction; ism: general; catalogs; submillimetre: ism; ism: clouds; stars: formation
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Planck early results. XXIII. The first all-sky survey of galactic cold clumps / Planck, Collaboration; P. A. R., Ade; N., Aghanim; M., Arnaud; M., Ashdown; J., Aumont; C., Baccigalupi; A., Balbi; A. J., Banday; R. B., Barreiro; J. G., Bartlett; E., Battaner; K., Benabed; A., Benoit; J. P., Bernard; M., Bersanelli; R., Bhatia; J. J., Bock; A., Bonaldi; J. R., Bond; J., Borrill; F. R., Bouchet; F., Boulanger; M., Bucher; C., Burigana; Cabella, Paolo; C. M., Cantalupo; J. F., Cardoso; Catalano, Andrea; L., Cayon; A., Challinor; A., Chamballu; R. R., Chary; L. Y., Chiang; P. R., Christensen; D. L., Clements; S., Colombi; F., Couchot; A., Coulais; B. P., Crill; F., Cuttaia; L., Danese; R. D., Davies; R. J., Davis; DE BERNARDIS, Paolo; G., De Gasperis; A., De Rosa; G., De Zotti; J., Delabrouille; J. M., Delouis; F. X., Desert; C., Dickinson; K., Dobashi; S., Donzelli; O., Dore; U., Dorl; M., Douspis; X., Dupac; G., Efstathiou; T. A., Ensslin; E., Falgarone; F., Finelli; O., Forni; M., Frailis; E., Franceschi; S., Galeotta; K., Ganga; M., Giard; G., Giardino; Y., Giraud Heraud; J., Gonzalez Nuevo; K. M., Gorski; S., Gratton; A., Gregorio; A., Gruppuso; F. K., Hansen; D., Harrison; G., Helou; S., Henrot Versille; D., Herranz; S. R., Hildebrandt; E., Hivon; M., Hobson; W. A., Holmes; W., Hovest; R. J., Hoyland; K. M., Huffenberger; A. H., Jaffe; G., Joncas; W. C., Jones; M., Juvela; E., Keihanen; R., Keskitalo; T. S., Kisner; R., Kneissl; L., Knox; H., Kurki Suonio; G., Lagache; J. M., Lamarre; A., Lasenby; R. J., Laureijs; C. R., Lawrence; S., Leach; R., Leonardi; C., Leroy; M., Linden Vørnle; M., Linden Vornle; M., Lopez Caniego; P. M., Lubin; J. F., Macias Perez; C. J., Mactavish; B., Maffei; N., Mandolesi; R., Mann; M., Maris; D. J., Marshall; P., Martin; E., Martinez Gonzalez; G., Marton; Masi, Silvia; S., Matarrese; F., Matthai; P., Mazzotta; P., Mcgehee; Melchiorri, Alessandro; L., Mendes; A., Mennella; S., Mitra; M. A., Miville Deschenes; A., Moneti; L., Montier; G., Morgante; D., Mortlock; D., Munshi; A., Murphy; P., Naselsky; Nati, Federico; P., Natoli; C. B., Netterfield; H. U., Nørgaard Nielsen; H. U., Norgaard Nielsen; F., Noviello; D., Novikov; I., Novikov; S., Osborne; F., Pajot; R., Paladini; F., Pasian; G., Patanchon; T. J., Pearson; V. M., Pelkonen; O., Perdereau; L., Perotto; F., Perrotta; Piacentini, Francesco; M., Piat; S., Plaszczynski; E., Pointecouteau; Polenta, Gianluca; N., Ponthieu; T., Poutanen; G., Prezeau; S., Prunet; J. L., Puget; W. T., Reach; R., Rebolo; M., Reinecke; C., Renault; Ricciardi, Sara; T., Riller; I., Ristorcelli; G., Rocha; C., Rosset; M., Rowan Robinson; J. A., Rubino Martin; B., Rusholme; M., Sandri; D., Santos; G., Savini; D., Scott; M. D., Seiffert; G. F., Smoot; J. L., Starck; Stivoli, Federico; V., Stolyarov; R., Sudiwala; J. F., Sygnet; J. A., Tauber; L., Terenzi; L., Toffolatti; M., Tomasi; J. P., Torre; V., Toth; M., Tristram; J., Tuovinen; G., Umana; L., Valenziano; P., Vielva; F., Villa; N., Vittorio; L. A., Wade; B. D., Wandelt; N., Ysard; D., Yvon; A., Zacchei; S., Zahorecz; A., Zonca. - In: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS. - ISSN 0004-6361. - STAMPA. - 536:(2011), p. A23. [10.1051/0004-6361/201116472]
File allegati a questo prodotto
File Dimensione Formato  
Masi_Planck-early-results.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Versione editoriale (versione pubblicata con il layout dell'editore)
Licenza: Tutti i diritti riservati (All rights reserved)
Dimensione 7.03 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
7.03 MB Adobe PDF

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/433250
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 78
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 73
social impact