Mandibular advancement devices are an alternative and valid treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Orthodontic and craniofacial abnormalities have often been reported in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). While the reversibility of these craniofacial abnormalities by means of adenotonsillectomy has yet to be established, orthodontic treatment based on oral appliances is considered to be a potential additional treatment for pediatric SDB. Oral appliances may help improve upper airway patency during sleep by enlarging the upper airway and/or by decreasing upper airway collapsibility, thereby enhancing upper airway muscle tone. Orthodontic therapy should be encouraged in pediatric OSAS, and an early approach may permanently modify nasal breathing and respiration, thereby preventing obstruction of the upper airway.