Satellite constellations in inclined multi-stationary orbits

After a general approach to the concept of multi-synchronous orbit (MSO) missions, which includes some past investigations on the use of orbits alternative to the Geostationary one, a selection of satellite constellations in MSOs, providing continuous and complete longitudinal coverage of the Earth, has been carried out. The concept of four-leaf clover system (FLCS), already introduced in the past for the equatorial-tropical belt, has been generalized, taking into account orbit inclinations up to the critical value (63.43 degrees) and the consequent different operational scenarios. The temporal evolution of ground tracks and coverage of periodic orbits have been investigated in depth. A comparison between a Geostationary system and an inclined FLCS, in terms of costs and performance, pointed out the advantages of using these latter orbits.