Phenotypic plasticity for physiological and life-history traits of Quercus ilex L.

Seedlings of Quercus ilex germinated from seeds of parent plants from four different localities within the distribution area in Italy were analysed. The plasticity index for physiological leaf traits is higher than for morphological ones. The most favourable environmental conditions of Castelporziano increase the plasticity index, while the climate of Nago, Bellegra and Frassanito allows the specialization of leaf traits, determining a higher efficiency of the resource use in response to specific stress factors. Because plasticity influences environmental tolerance, different plastic responses may contribute to differences in the range of environments that species inhabit, and in the specific capability to maintain functioning in contrasting conditions.