"Les Frères musulmans en Égypte (1990-2011): entre néo-autoritarisme, réformisme et islamisme"

This article analyzes the interaction between the Egyptian regime and the Muslim Brothers (MB) in the 1990- April 2011 period, considering three main issues: 1) the policies of the neo-authoritarian Mubarak’s regime towards of the MB; 2) the MB’s policies towards the regime and the other Egyptian political actors; 3) the MB’s role in the anti-Mubarak revolt and in the first phase of the ensuing political transition. The analysis of the interaction in the 1990-2010 period shows that the MB have clearly, although not voluntarily, contributed to the survival of the Mubarak regime until his downfall. The analysis of the latest period shows that the MB have been able to swim the revolutionary tide thanks to the interaction between the MB various factions. Today however the choice to support the political transition preferred by the military keeps the MB in balance between evolution and conservation and, more importantly, at the brink between an historical victory and a defeat similar to that suffered in 1954.