Duodenal Bulb Biopsies in Celiac Disease: A Multicenter Study

Objectives: Celiac disease (CD)-related lesions have been reported in duodenal bulb biopsies, sometimes the bulb mucosa being, the only one affected. The aim was to verify in a significant series whether histological lesions are always present in the bulb of celiac patients, what is the prevalence of lesions When isolated 10 the bulb. and if similar lesions are present in nonceliac subjects. Methods: We Studied 665 children with CD (241 males,, range 9 months-15 years, 8 months). at diagnosis on a gluten-containing diet, and 348 age- and sex-matched gastroenterological controls submitted to upper endoscopy for gastroenterological complaints. During endoscopy, multiple biopsies (1 bulb and 4 distal duodenum samples) were taken. Anti-endomysium antibodies were evaluated by immunofluorescence method anti-human tissue-transglutaminase antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. Human leukocyte antigen-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 genes were typed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers repeat method. Results: In all of the patients with CD, histololgical lesions were present in the bulb sample: in 16 of them. the lesions were present only in the bulb. Patchy villous astrophy was found in 20 children. All of the patients with CD were anti-endomysium and/or anti-transglutaminase positive. The controls showed neither auto-antibody positivity nor mucosal changes compatible with CD. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that CD-related histological lesions are always present in the bulb; sometimes this specific site is the only one affected. Therefore. We suggest taking 2 biopsies from the bulb and 22 from the distal duodenum for CD diagnosis. JPGN 47:618-622, 2008.