The dynamic changes and structural patterns of DNA methylation of genes without CpG islands are poorly characterized. The relevance of CpG to the non-CpG methylation equilibrium in transcriptional repression is unknown. In this work, we analyzed the DNA methylation pattern of the 5'-flanking of the myogenin gene, a positive regulator of muscle differentiation with no CpG island and low CpG density, in both C2C12 muscle satellite cells and embryonic muscle. Embryonic brain was studied as a non-expressing tissue. High levels of both CpG and non-CpG methylation were observed in non-expressing experimental conditions. Both CpG and non-CpG methylation rapidly dropped during muscle differentiation and myogenin transcriptional activation, with an active demethylation dynamics. Non-CpG demethylation occurred more rapidly than CpG demethylation. Demethylation spread from initially highly methylated short CpC-rich elements to a virtually unmethylated status. These short elements have a high CpC content and density, share some motifs and largely coincide with putative recognition sequences of some differentiation-related transcription factors. Our findings point to a dynamically controlled equilibrium between CpG and non-CpG active demethylation in the transcriptional control of tissue-specific genes. The short CpC-rich elements are new structural features of the methylation machinery, whose functions may include priming the complete demethylation of a transcriptionally crucial DNA region.

Early demethylation of non-CpG, CpC-rich, elements in the myogenin 5 '-flanking region A priming effect on the spreading of active demethylation? / Fuso, Andrea; Ferraguti, Giampiero; Francesco, Grandoni; Raffaella, Ruggeri; Scarpa, Sigfrido; Strom, Roberto; Lucarelli, Marco. - In: CELL CYCLE. - ISSN 1538-4101. - STAMPA. - 9:19(2010), pp. 3965-3976. [10.4161/cc.9.19.13193]

Early demethylation of non-CpG, CpC-rich, elements in the myogenin 5 '-flanking region A priming effect on the spreading of active demethylation?

FUSO, ANDREA;FERRAGUTI, Giampiero;SCARPA, Sigfrido;STROM, Roberto;LUCARELLI, Marco
2010

Abstract

The dynamic changes and structural patterns of DNA methylation of genes without CpG islands are poorly characterized. The relevance of CpG to the non-CpG methylation equilibrium in transcriptional repression is unknown. In this work, we analyzed the DNA methylation pattern of the 5'-flanking of the myogenin gene, a positive regulator of muscle differentiation with no CpG island and low CpG density, in both C2C12 muscle satellite cells and embryonic muscle. Embryonic brain was studied as a non-expressing tissue. High levels of both CpG and non-CpG methylation were observed in non-expressing experimental conditions. Both CpG and non-CpG methylation rapidly dropped during muscle differentiation and myogenin transcriptional activation, with an active demethylation dynamics. Non-CpG demethylation occurred more rapidly than CpG demethylation. Demethylation spread from initially highly methylated short CpC-rich elements to a virtually unmethylated status. These short elements have a high CpC content and density, share some motifs and largely coincide with putative recognition sequences of some differentiation-related transcription factors. Our findings point to a dynamically controlled equilibrium between CpG and non-CpG active demethylation in the transcriptional control of tissue-specific genes. The short CpC-rich elements are new structural features of the methylation machinery, whose functions may include priming the complete demethylation of a transcriptionally crucial DNA region.
2010
active demethylation; non-cpg island genes; short cpc-rich elements; demethylation dynamics; non-cpg methylation; transcriptionalmodulation; transcriptional modulation; muscle differentiation
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Early demethylation of non-CpG, CpC-rich, elements in the myogenin 5 '-flanking region A priming effect on the spreading of active demethylation? / Fuso, Andrea; Ferraguti, Giampiero; Francesco, Grandoni; Raffaella, Ruggeri; Scarpa, Sigfrido; Strom, Roberto; Lucarelli, Marco. - In: CELL CYCLE. - ISSN 1538-4101. - STAMPA. - 9:19(2010), pp. 3965-3976. [10.4161/cc.9.19.13193]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/364259
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