Optimal Trajectories towards Near-Earth-Objects Using Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) and Gravity Assisted Maneuver

The solar electric propulsion could be the best option for the transports of the future due to its high specific impulse when compared to the chemical propulsion. Electric propellants are being extensively used to assist the propulsion of terrestrial satellites for the maneuvers of orbit correction and as primary propulsion in missions toward other bodies of the solar system. In this work the optimization of interplanetary missions using solar electric propulsion (SEP) and Gravity Assisted Maneuver to reduce the costs of the mission, is considered. The high specific impulse of electric propulsion makes a Gravity Assisted Maneuver 1 year after departure convenient. Missions for several Near Earth Asteroids will be considered. The analysis suggests criteria for the definition of initial solutions demanded for the process of optimization of trajectories. Trajectories to the asteroid 2002TC70 are analyzed. Direct trajectories, trajectories with 1 gravity assisted at the Earth and with 2 gravity assisted with the Earth and either Mars are presented. Shall be analyzed missions with thrusters PPS1350 and the Phall 1 for performance comparison. An indirect optimization method will be used in the simulations.