beta 3-Adrenoceptors: relaxant function and mRNA detection in smooth muscle cells isolated from the human colon

Functional involvement of beta(3)-adrenoceptors in controlling human gastrointestinal motility has not been unequivocally assessed yet. The direct myogenic contribution of these receptors was examined, by in vitro functional studies and analysis of mRNA expression, on smooth muscle cells separately isolated from taenia coli and circular muscle layers of the human colon. Isoproterenol, a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor agonist, relaxed, in a concentration-dependent manner, both human taenia coli and circular colonic smooth muscle cells, although displaying a higher intrinsic activity (65.3 +/- 2.3 vs. 55.2 +/- 1.4% maximal relaxation) and potency (pEC(50): 7.41 +/- 0.07 vs. 6.32 +/- 0.08) were greater on taenia coli than circular cells. In the presence of the beta(1)-antagonist CGP20712A and of the beta(2)-antagonist ICI 118,551, a 25-30% decrease in isoproterenol intrinsic activity was observed on both cell types and on taenia coli, the nonselective beta(1)/beta(2)-antagonist propranolol produced a rightward shift of the isoproterenol concentration-response curve with mean estimated pK(B) values (8.12 +/- 0.27 at 0.1 muM and 6.45 +/- 0.13 at 1 muM) lower than that expected for both beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors. CGP12177A and SR 58611A, two beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists, presented an intrinsic activity comparable to that of isoproterenol in the presence of beta(1)- and beta(2)-antagonists, the former being more potent on taenia coli than on circular smooth muscle cells. beta(3)-Adrenoceptor mRNA was detected by reverse transcription PCR on both cell types. These results strongly suggest a direct functional role of beta(3)-adrenoceptors in the human colon.