Non-parametric analysis of infrared spectra for recognition of glass and glass ceramic fragments in recycling plants

Glass ceramic detection in glass recycling plants represents a still unsolved problem, as glass ceramic material looks like normal glass and is usually detected only by specialized personnel. The presence of glass-like contaminants inside waste glass products, resulting from both industrial and differentiated urban waste collection, increases process production costs and reduces final product quality. In this paper an innovative approach for glass ceramic recognition, based on the non-parametric analysis of infrared spectra, is proposed and investigated. The work was specifically addressed to the spectral classification of glass and glass ceramic fragments collected in an actual recycling plant from three different production lines: flat glass, colored container-glass and white container-glass. The analyses, carried out in the near and mid-infrared (NIR-MIR) spectral field (1280-4480 nm), show that glass ceramic and glass fragments can be recognized by applying a wavelet transform, with a small classification error. Moreover, a method for selecting only a small subset of relevant wavelength ratios is suggested, allowing the conduct of a fast recognition of the two classes of materials. The results show how the proposed approach can be utilized to develop a classification engine to be integrated inside a hardware and software sorting architecture for fast "on-line" ceramic glass recognition and separation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.