ROME: Routing over mobile elements in WSNs

In this paper we present ROME, a geographic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with mobile nodes. ROME design is suited to deal with communication problems in WSN scenarios with high network dynamics, such as nodal addition, nodal removal and node mobility. In addition, it retains desirable properties of protocols for static WSNs such as using cross-layer techniques for performance optimization, dealing with asynchronous nodal duty cycles, and being able to deal with connectivity dead ends. We define the protocol in details and provide detailed simulation-based performance evaluation of ROME. In scenarios with static and mobile nodes together, our ns2-based experiments show that ROME performs remarkably well with respect to metrics such as packet delivery ratio, energy consumption and end-to-end packet latency.