This research project investigates archaeometallurgy in Tuscany between the sixth and fourteenth centuries, focusing on the production, circulation, and use of metals. The study aims to reconstruct the lifecycle of metal materials, including extraction, manufacture, trade, use, and disposal, with particular attention to the role of recycling. Recent studies have highlighted that recycling and reuse were widespread but distinct practices in pre-modern societies. Despite this, these phenomena are still rarely integrated into socio-economic models of medieval production. Furthermore, there is a lack of diachronic analyses assessing how the incidence of recycling changed over time. This research therefore addresses several key questions: to what extent did recycling affect metal production in different periods, such as the seventh and the eleventh centuries? Was recycling mainly associated with moments of economic crisis, or was it a structural component of metallurgical practice? Finally, can the presence of recycling be related to the organization of labour, technological expertise, or the social status of blacksmiths? To explore these issues, the project examines the social role of metalworkers, the mobility of skilled labour, and the evolution of metallurgical techniques between the sixth and fourteenth centuries. The study focuses primarily on the archaeological sites of Miranduolo (Chiusdino, Siena) and Poggibonsi (Siena), where the production and circulation of metal artefacts will be analysed. Archaeometallurgical investigations will include metallographic analyses on selected artefacts in order to reconstruct manufacturing techniques and evaluate product quality. These analyses will allow the identifcation of technological processes such as annealing, casting, and remelting, and may reveal evidence of recycling. The data will be integrated through GIS-based spatial analyses at both intra-site and inter-site scales. The results will contribute to a better understanding of metallurgical production, craft specialization, and economic networks in medieval Tuscany.
Il presente lavoro di ricerca si articola attorno a due obiettivi principali: l'analisi tipologica dei manufatti metallici provenienti dai siti di Miranduolo (SI) e Poggibonsi (SI) e lo studio sistematico del fenomeno del riciclo dei metalli nei territori in esame nel periodo compreso tra il VI e il XIV secolo. In relazione a tali obiettivi, lo studio si sviluppa lungo due direttrici. La prima, riconducibile a un approccio più tradizionale allo studio dei materiali metallici, fnalizzata alla defnizione di una tipologia dei manufatti, con l’obiettivo di ricostruire le traiettorie evolutive delle pratiche produttive, dell’organizzazione del lavoro e delle modalità di gestione delle risorse metalliche nel corso dei secoli considerati. La seconda è invece dedicata alla contestualizzazione e all’analisi del fenomeno del riciclo, nella prospettiva che lo studio di tali pratiche possa offrire insights signifcativi sulle trasformazioni socio-economiche e tecnologiche che caratterizzano i siti e l’arco cronologico esaminato. In particolare, uno degli scopi principali è quello di verifcare l’ipotesi che la pratica del riciclo sia stata prevalentemente circoscritta a specifche fasi storiche di “crisi”, con particolare riferimento al passaggio tra Tarda Antichità e Alto Medioevo, frequentemente interpretato come un momento di riorganizzazione delle filiere di approvvigionamento primario. Viene inoltre esplorata la possibile relazione tra il riciclo e specifiche condizioni socio-economiche, quali i fenomeni di rioccupazione di infrastrutture preesistenti (squatter occupation) o se la presenza (o assenza) di riciclo nei contesti indagati costituisca una componente strutturale dei processi produttivi in atto.
Il metallo tra estrazione e riciclo nel medioevo: nuovi indicatori e interpretazioni sul significato socio-economico del riuso nella Toscana centro-meridionale / Palmas, C.. - (2026 Sep 30).
Il metallo tra estrazione e riciclo nel medioevo: nuovi indicatori e interpretazioni sul significato socio-economico del riuso nella Toscana centro-meridionale
PALMAS, CARLA
30/09/2026
Abstract
This research project investigates archaeometallurgy in Tuscany between the sixth and fourteenth centuries, focusing on the production, circulation, and use of metals. The study aims to reconstruct the lifecycle of metal materials, including extraction, manufacture, trade, use, and disposal, with particular attention to the role of recycling. Recent studies have highlighted that recycling and reuse were widespread but distinct practices in pre-modern societies. Despite this, these phenomena are still rarely integrated into socio-economic models of medieval production. Furthermore, there is a lack of diachronic analyses assessing how the incidence of recycling changed over time. This research therefore addresses several key questions: to what extent did recycling affect metal production in different periods, such as the seventh and the eleventh centuries? Was recycling mainly associated with moments of economic crisis, or was it a structural component of metallurgical practice? Finally, can the presence of recycling be related to the organization of labour, technological expertise, or the social status of blacksmiths? To explore these issues, the project examines the social role of metalworkers, the mobility of skilled labour, and the evolution of metallurgical techniques between the sixth and fourteenth centuries. The study focuses primarily on the archaeological sites of Miranduolo (Chiusdino, Siena) and Poggibonsi (Siena), where the production and circulation of metal artefacts will be analysed. Archaeometallurgical investigations will include metallographic analyses on selected artefacts in order to reconstruct manufacturing techniques and evaluate product quality. These analyses will allow the identifcation of technological processes such as annealing, casting, and remelting, and may reveal evidence of recycling. The data will be integrated through GIS-based spatial analyses at both intra-site and inter-site scales. The results will contribute to a better understanding of metallurgical production, craft specialization, and economic networks in medieval Tuscany.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_dottorato_Palmas.pdf
embargo fino al 30/03/2028
Note: tesi completa
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