A WCSPH Model for Numerical Investigation of Wave Impact on Vertical Structures

This paper presents a numerical model based on the Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method for simulating wave impact on vertical structures. The model incorporates kernel gradient correction, pressure field stabilization, and free-surface identification techniques, aimed at improving the accuracy and stability of the numerical solution. Validation is performed by comparing numerical results with experimental data from dam-break tests and regular wave impact tests against a vertical wall, showing agreement in terms of free-surface evolution and wall pressures. The model is then applied to investigate the impact of solitary waves on vertical structures in the presence of different seabed configurations. The results show that the model is capable of effectively reproducing both the quasi-hydrostatic distribution of pressures generated by non-breaking waves and the high-intensity, short-duration impulsive pressure peaks generated by breaking waves.