Clinical Correlation Between Antihypercholesterolemic and Antihypertensive Drugs with Oral Lichenoid Lesions: Literature Review and Preliminary Retrospective Analysis

Despite extensive research, the exact cause of oral lichenoid lesions remains unknown. The chronic inflammatory tissue reaction mediated by T cells is the basis of the etiological process. However, oral lichenoid lesions often occur in the presence of certain drugs. Our aim was to conduct a preliminary retrospective study to assess the correlation between the administration of statins or HMG-inhibitor CoA reductase, which are commonly used for treating hypercholesterolemia, and the sartans or blockers of the angiotensin II receptor, which are used for treating hypertension, in relation to the occurrence of oral lichenoid lesions. This preliminary retrospective study included 2158 patients who attended the Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery (Mo-Max) Department of Oral Science and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, from 2019 to 2022. A significant association was found between the presence of oral lichenoid lesions and the simultaneous administration of sartans and statins (chi(2) = 46.49; p < 0.001). Of the 2158 patients, 118 (5.5%) were diagnosed with oral lichenoid lesions. In the analysis of standardized residues, we found that pathology developed in 16.3% of patients taking statins and 15.9% of those taking sartans. Oral lichenoid lesions only developed in 4.4% of those not taking these drugs.