Oral health status in adult and paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF): A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health in paediatric and adult patients affected by cystic fibrosis (CF). A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic search was performed on scientific databases to identify studies reporting relevant oral health parameters. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, mostly cross-sectional and from tertiary care settings. Paediatric CF cohorts showed caries risk comparable or lower than controls but a higher prevalence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) and altered salivary function. Adult CF patients exhibited increased DMFT scores with more untreated decay, while severe periodontitis (PD ≥ 6 mm) remained rare despite high plaque accumulation. CF is associated with a distinctive oral health profile, characterized by age-dependent caries risk, frequent enamel anomalies, altered salivary physiology, and relatively preserved periodontal status. Standardized longitudinal studies are needed to clarify these associations, evaluate CFTR modulators effects, and support the integration of dental care within multidisciplinary CF management.