Motivational and Behavioural Determinants of Participation in Renewable Energy Communities

Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) are increasingly recognised as key instruments for supporting the energy transition, promoting citizen engagement, and enhancing the integration of renewable energy sources. However, limited evidence is available on how motivational factors and behavioural mechanisms jointly influence individuals' willingness to participate in RECs. This study investigates the determinants of REC participation from both motivational and behavioural perspectives through two online surveys conducted in Italy. The analysis examines participation drivers, perceived benefits, knowledge and awareness levels, as well as the influence of behavioural biases and nudging mechanisms on participation decisions. The results show that environmental concerns represent the main motivation for participation, followed by economic benefits and energy security, while social and community-related aspects are less influential. Participants also demonstrated a willingness to shift consumption patterns and prioritise self-consumption. Furthermore, present bias and loss aversion were found to affect decision-making, whereas nudging and framing strategies increased stated willingness to participate. Higher levels of knowledge and awareness were associated with a greater perceived value of RECs. These findings highlight the importance of education, communication strategies, and behavioural interventions in promoting REC participation and provide useful insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to support the diffusion of sustainable energy communities.