Numerical analysis of telemetry system in wireless capsule endoscopy technique

This work deals with wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) technology, an innovative approach under development to replace traditional wired endoscopy. WCE utilizes a miniaturized capsule to explore the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and detect key biological parameters (e.g., pH, pressure, temperature, intestinal gases) through various miniaturized sensors. The core component is the telemetry system, consisting of transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) antennas, crucial for achieving the capsule's ultimate diagnostic scopes. The capsule here proposed is a model of a real prototype of 12 mm ×6 mm dimension. This capsule is equipped with a TX loop antenna (outer and inner diameters of 6.2 mm and 5.7 mm respectively) which sends the collected data to an external RX antenna positioned on the patient's body. The authors propose a new TX-RX system configuration numerically studied in Sim4Life environment (see Figure 1). An array of three RX patch antennas on the front side and one on the back side are located on the patient’s body surface, in a way to detect the radiated power from the TX antenna in all the body districts through which the capsule moves during its internal GI path.