Analysis of Local Methane Emissions Using Near-Simultaneous Multi-Satellite Observations: Insights from Landfills and Oil-Gas Facilities

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas, and its detection and quantification are crucial for mitigating the greenhouse effect. This study presents a comparative analysis of methane emissions observed using near-simultaneous observations from hyperspectral imaging spectrometers hosted aboard different satellite platforms (PRISMA, EnMAP, EMIT and GHGSat). Methane emissions from oil and gas facilities and landfills are analyzed to evaluate the consistency and precision of the sensors and temporal variability of the source. Landfills, characterized by diffuse and stable emissions, and dynamic oil and gas facilities, subject to operational variability, provide contrasting use cases for emission monitoring. Emission rates are quantified using the Integrated Mass Enhancement (IME) model and validated across satellites with overlapping acquisitions. This study highlights the advantages and limitations of each satellite system, emphasizing the critical role of multi-sensor integration in bridging temporal and spatial observation gaps. Insights derived here aim to enhance global methane monitoring frameworks and guide future satellite design for improved emission quantification.