Survey on Internet routing security. Stakeholder interests, current and future research directions

The functioning of the Internet depends on the exchange of routing information across Autonomous Systems (ASes) using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The mutual trust between ASes and the complexity of routing mechanisms expose BGP to significant cyber-threats and attacks, posing risks to the broader Internet-dependent economy. This survey presents a multi-stakeholder perspective on BGP routing security, integrating academic, industrial, and institutional points of view. It reviews policy frameworks developed by both public and private organizations, outlining synergies between industry and institutions and best practices for securing inter-domain routing. The paper further examines open challenges, identifying four research and innovation directions. For each direction, we survey potential solutions and categorize them based on stakeholder interest, thereby bridging the gap between academic advances and operational deployment. Finally, we analyze potential future directions in BGP security, highlighting differentiated priorities and strategic interests across stakeholders.