This research investigates the role of the River Auser in shaping the urban and suburban landscape of Pisa between the Late Republican period and the Middle Imperial age, proposing an integrated reinterpretation of the environmental, infrastructural, and social dynamics that influenced the development of the Roman city. Rather than being regarded as a passive natural backdrop, the Auser is interpreted as a structuring agent that conditioned settlement patterns, architectural choices, flood-risk management strategies, and processes of economic growth. The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines geomorphological and geoarchaeological analyses, the examination of stratigraphic contexts, a critical reassessment of previously published archaeological data, the development of digital palaeogeographic models (PalaeoDEMs), and GIS-based spatial analyses. These methods are complemented by three-dimensional reconstructive modelling based on the Extended Matrix protocol, applied in particular to the fluvial sector of the Scheibler Area in Pisa's western suburb, where recent excavations have revealed engineered riverbanks, haulage ramps, and facilities for the maintenance and storage of river craft. The reconstruction is not intended merely as an illustrative output but rather as an interpretative tool designed to make explicit the relationships between stratigraphic evidence, archaeological inference, and hypothetical reconstruction levels, thereby ensuring the transparency and traceability of the interpretative process. The banks of the Auser hosted a concentration of manufacturing activities, harbour infrastructures, medium- to high-status residential buildings, and systematic riverbank reinforcement works, all of which testify to sustained investment in the navigability and hydraulic stability of the river system. The Auser thus emerges as a key economic corridor, closely connected with ceramic production, the redistribution of goods, and Pisa's integration into Mediterranean exchange networks. The combined analysis of epigraphic sources and archaeological evidence further reveals a socially complex community in which entrepreneurial freedmen, together with freeborn landowners and colonial veterans, played a central role in the city's economic expansion and strategies of civic self-representation. From the third century AD onwards, the gradual transformation of the riverside areas, marked by the encroachment of necropoleis towards the urban centre, reflects a significant shift in both the function and perception of the fluvial landscape, although the river continued to act as the principal organising element of the surrounding territory. The research demonstrates that the integration of traditional archaeological methodologies with advanced digital technologies provides a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of urban fluvial landscapes, contributing to broader debates on the interactions between environment, infrastructure, and society in the Roman world.
La presente ricerca analizza il ruolo del fiume Auser nella configurazione del paesaggio urbano e suburbano di Pisa tra la tarda età repubblicana e la media età imperiale, proponendo una rilettura integrata delle dinamiche ambientali, infrastrutturali e sociali che hanno interessato la città romana. L’Auser non è considerato un semplice elemento naturale di sfondo, ma un agente strutturante capace di orientare assetti insediativi, scelte edilizie, strategie di gestione del rischio idraulico e processi di sviluppo economico. L’indagine si fonda su un approccio interdisciplinare che combina analisi geomorfologiche e geoarcheologiche, studio dei contesti stratigrafici, revisione critica dei dati archeologici pregressi, elaborazione di modelli paleogeografici digitali (PalaeoDEM) e analisi spaziali in ambiente GIS. A tali strumenti si affianca la formalizzazione ricostruttiva tridimensionale mediante il protocollo dell’Extended Matrix, applicato in particolare al tratto fluviale dell’Area Scheibler, nel suburbio occidentale, dove recenti indagini hanno documentato sponde attrezzate, piani di alaggio e strutture per il rimessaggio delle imbarcazioni. La ricostruzione non assume valore meramente illustrativo, ma costituisce uno strumento interpretativo volto a rendere esplicite le relazioni tra dati stratigrafici, inferenze e livelli ipotetici, garantendo la tracciabilità del processo conoscitivo. Lungo le sponde dell’Auser si concentrano attività manifatturiere, infrastrutture portuali, edilizia residenziale di tono medio-alto e interventi sistematici di consolidamento spondale, che testimoniano un investimento continuo nella navigabilità e nella stabilità del sistema fluviale. Il fiume emerge così come asse economico fondamentale, connesso alla produzione ceramica, alla redistribuzione delle merci e all’inserimento di Pisa nelle reti commerciali mediterranee. L’analisi delle fonti epigrafiche e delle evidenze materiali consente inoltre di delineare una compagine sociale articolata, nella quale il ceto imprenditoriale libertino, accanto a ingenui proprietari e veterani coloniali, svolge un ruolo centrale nei processi di crescita e autorappresentazione urbana. A partire dal III secolo d.C., la progressiva trasformazione delle aree rivierasche, con l’avvicinamento delle necropoli alla città, segna un mutamento nella funzione e nella percezione del paesaggio fluviale, pur mantenendo il fiume come elemento ordinatore dello spazio. La ricerca dimostra come l’integrazione tra metodologia archeologica tradizionale e strumenti digitali avanzati consenta di restituire una lettura complessa e dinamica dei paesaggi fluviali urbani, contribuendo al dibattito sulle relazioni tra ambiente, infrastrutture e società nel mondo romano.
Percepire le assenze: dall’analisi del paesaggio alla simulazione digitale. Il caso del fiume Auser a Pisa in età romana / Caroti, A.. - (2026 Jul 03).
Percepire le assenze: dall’analisi del paesaggio alla simulazione digitale. Il caso del fiume Auser a Pisa in età romana
CAROTI, ALBERTO
03/07/2026
Abstract
This research investigates the role of the River Auser in shaping the urban and suburban landscape of Pisa between the Late Republican period and the Middle Imperial age, proposing an integrated reinterpretation of the environmental, infrastructural, and social dynamics that influenced the development of the Roman city. Rather than being regarded as a passive natural backdrop, the Auser is interpreted as a structuring agent that conditioned settlement patterns, architectural choices, flood-risk management strategies, and processes of economic growth. The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines geomorphological and geoarchaeological analyses, the examination of stratigraphic contexts, a critical reassessment of previously published archaeological data, the development of digital palaeogeographic models (PalaeoDEMs), and GIS-based spatial analyses. These methods are complemented by three-dimensional reconstructive modelling based on the Extended Matrix protocol, applied in particular to the fluvial sector of the Scheibler Area in Pisa's western suburb, where recent excavations have revealed engineered riverbanks, haulage ramps, and facilities for the maintenance and storage of river craft. The reconstruction is not intended merely as an illustrative output but rather as an interpretative tool designed to make explicit the relationships between stratigraphic evidence, archaeological inference, and hypothetical reconstruction levels, thereby ensuring the transparency and traceability of the interpretative process. The banks of the Auser hosted a concentration of manufacturing activities, harbour infrastructures, medium- to high-status residential buildings, and systematic riverbank reinforcement works, all of which testify to sustained investment in the navigability and hydraulic stability of the river system. The Auser thus emerges as a key economic corridor, closely connected with ceramic production, the redistribution of goods, and Pisa's integration into Mediterranean exchange networks. The combined analysis of epigraphic sources and archaeological evidence further reveals a socially complex community in which entrepreneurial freedmen, together with freeborn landowners and colonial veterans, played a central role in the city's economic expansion and strategies of civic self-representation. From the third century AD onwards, the gradual transformation of the riverside areas, marked by the encroachment of necropoleis towards the urban centre, reflects a significant shift in both the function and perception of the fluvial landscape, although the river continued to act as the principal organising element of the surrounding territory. The research demonstrates that the integration of traditional archaeological methodologies with advanced digital technologies provides a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of urban fluvial landscapes, contributing to broader debates on the interactions between environment, infrastructure, and society in the Roman world.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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