Analyzing the ‘bradykinesia complex’ in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease: A series of three cases

“Although GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease shows distinctive clinical features, the characterization of motor impairment remains limited. We performed OFF- and ON-state kinematic finger-tapping analysis in three Parkinson's disease patients carrying GBA1 variants of different severity, applying the ‘bradykinesia complex’ framework. Quantitative assessment revealed heterogeneous kinematic profiles and variable dopaminergic responsiveness. These findings suggest that kinematic biomarkers may complement clinical evaluation and support phenotypic characterization in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease.”