Vehicle to Grid Algorithms Applied to Residential and Business Low Voltage Microgrids

The huge growth in the electric vehicle (EV) market is leading to a situation where the power grid will have to meet ever-increasing energy demand. Without advanced energy management systems, this would cause significant congestion and stability challenges. The paper presents a unified system that combines a home energy management system (HEMS) for a residential microgrid with PV, a battery energy storage system (BESS), and a Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) energy management for a microgrid of corporate parking lots for EVs. The system harmonizes objectives, constraints, and key performance indicators (KPIs) in both contexts. This research proposes and validates optimization algorithms through simulations that aim to reduce grid dependence, maximize the use of local resources, and meet the needs of both the user and the grid operator.