Regenerative approaches to industrial heritage. Circular adaptive reuse toward culture

Adaptive reuse is a valorisation strategy involving transformations compatible with the existing structure, including changes of use. The recovery of disused industrial heritage plays a strategic role in the energy and circular transition, converting derelict contexts into new centers of socio-cultural and economic value. European initiatives highlight cultural services as tools for fostering more inclusive and resilient cities. This contribution proposes a reference framework with strategic design guidelines to structure adaptive reuse interventions on industrial heritage, viewed as both a historical legacy and a resource for future development. Through an analysis of international cases — including production plants, storage and logistics warehouses and energy facilities — best practices were identified based on adaptive reuse principles, circular design strategies, and processual dimension. From three emblematic cases, five strategic guidelines were derived, focusing on the creation of flexible and adaptable cultural spaces, the use of circular and bio-based materials, the enhancement and valorisation of historical memory, the activation of participatory and co-design processes, and the integration of low-carbon, bioclimatic energy solutions. Future research will expand the range of typological groups, further refine the guidelines for each category, and develop measurable KPIs to systematically assess the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of adaptive reuse interventions.