Modular lab-on-chip platform with integrated a-Si:H sensors for real-time bioluminescence monitoring in bioreactors under microgravity conditions

Long-term deep space missions present critical health challenges due to prolonged exposure to space radiation and microgravity, leading to significant physiological risks for astronauts. Galactic cosmic rays, in particular, can penetrate conventional shielding and produce harmful secondary particles, emphasizing the need for innovative in-situ solutions to study the effects of these environmental conditions on astronauts’ health and mitigate the risks. We have developed an advanced lab-on-chip system designed for real-time monitoring and precise environmental control, which allows us to detect changes in living cells throughout a long-term space mission. The system is equipped with integrated photo and thermal sensors based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon functional layers and resistive heating elements for continuous environmental monitoring and precise temperature regulation. By using a modular and adaptable fabrication approach—combining laser-cut polymethyl methacrylate components, adhesive bonding, and thin-film integration—our design enables rapid prototyping and customization for various mission needs. Our platform features a tapered culture chamber that employs both passive and active fluid management techniques to maintain stable liquid positioning. This is achieved through feedback-controlled pressure modulation, addressing the unique challenges of fluid dynamics in space. We validated the system through a series of simulations and experiments demonstrating effective fluid management and accurate environmental control, essential for future biological research in space. Our results underscore the potential of this low-power, automated, and highly compact lab-on-chip solution to advance the study of space radiation effects and contribute to safer, long-duration crewed missions.