A potential bioconsolidation strategy for Sezze’s dinosaur footprints using Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation

The conservation of carbonate rocks heritage poses significant challenges due to the vulnerability of these lithotypes to environmental degradation. The ichnological site of Sezze (central Italy) is famous for its exceptional preservation of more than 230 dinosaur footprints. However, these footprints are increasingly at risk of deterioration due to environmental factors, the chemical and physical properties of the rock and the lack of protective measures. The unique geological and palaeontological significance of this site highlights the urgent need for effective conservation strategies. Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) is an environmentally friendly method for the conservation of carbonate rock materials. In this study, carbonatogenic bacteria were isolated from wackestone samples collected from the site to assess the potential for in situ bioconsolidation intervention. The results confirmed the ability of bacteria to precipitate a thin cohesive layer of calcium carbonate on the rock surfaces, demonstrating the potential of MICP as an effective bioconsolidation technique for preserving the integrity of dinosaur footprints, providing an innovative and sustainable approach to heritage conservation.