Routing optimization for On-Orbit-Servicing using high-thrust propulsion

This research focuses on a servicing spacecraft equipped with a high-thrust propulsion system, capable of performing multiple successive transfers while minimizing the total velocity change for a given set of satellites to service. A two-layer optimization is proposed: (i) the inner layer estimates the costs of orbit transfers, utilizing analytical models and optimization algorithms; (ii) the outer layer determines the optimal sequence and timing of serviced satellites through a dedicated encoding and simulated annealing. Mission scenarios include the effect of the Earth oblateness, and intermediate drift orbits are leveraged to pursue natural alignment of orbit planes. The methodology is successfully applied to the Starlink constellation, with horizon ranging from 1.5 through 4 years.