Scaling Phase-Conjugating Cross-Eye Jamming: A Multi-Loop Approach

This paper generalizes phase-conjugating (PC) cross-eye jamming from the classical two-element “single loop” to an arbitrary n-loop architecture and quantifies the resulting angular-deception capability. Starting from the single-loop model, we derive a closed-form expression for the 2-loop monopulse ratio received by a phase-comparison radar in the small-angle regime. Simulations in an X-band for a missileengagement geometry validate the analysis. With moderate hardware errors a two-loop PC jammer yields an indicatedangle error that outperforms the single-loop configuration. Effects of synchronization and jammer gain difference were evaluated with a statistical analysis and a 95th percentile metric for a reliable countermeasure. Scaling number of loops above two provided no additional benefit for both VA and PC crosseye configurations. These results demonstrate that scaling crosseye jamming via phase conjugation is both analytically sound and practically advantageous, offering a low-power, calibrationfriendly path for next-generation airborne and maritime selfprotection systems.