Contributions to atmospheric particulate matter from different appliances for biomass burning home heating

This study evaluates the contribution of various biomass burning appliances to PM10 pollution in two regions of Lazio, Italy (Rome and the Sacco Valley) by integrating field measurements, receptor modeling (PMF), and a novel domestic biomass consumption survey. The research investigates how different heating technologies influence emission profiles, chemical composition, and atmospheric dispersion. Key results demonstrate significantly higher PM10 concentrations in the Sacco Valley, associated with traditional open fireplaces and woodstoves, compared to Rome, where efficient pellet stoves are more prevalent. PMF analysis identified distinct biomass burning profiles, revealing significant differences in chemical markers like levoglucosan, potassium, and elemental tracers. These findings align with survey data indicating a higher density of outdated devices in the Sacco Valley. Furthermore, emission factors derived from laboratory datasets and survey-based patterns show that older heating systems emit nearly double the PM10 compared to modern appliances. Atmospheric dispersion analysis, using ventilation coefficients, indicates poorer pollutant dispersion in the Sacco Valley due to its orographic and meteorological conditions, further exacerbating pollution levels. The innovative integration of real-world data and region-specific consumption surveys provides a comprehensive understanding of residential biomass combustion impacts. Our findings underscore the urgent need for targeted policies promoting cleaner technologies and maintenance practices, particularly in areas dominated by inefficient devices. This research advances scientific understanding of biomass-related PM emissions, emphasizing region-specific strategies to mitigate health risks and improve air quality through technological upgrades and behavioral interventions.