La necessitas come categoria politica. Cicerone e lo stato di emergenza

This essay argues that Cicero provides a "general theory of the state of emergency," fundamentally distinct from the "state of exception". By grounding necessitas in the cosmological order, Cicero frames emergency actions as a positive manifestation of ius rather than a legal vacuum. The study explores the nexus between the Mixed Constitution and emergency policy , detailing the institutional role of the Augurs in binding extraordinary powers to the salus populi —thereby ensuring that necessity serves to restore, rather than dissolve, the legal framework.