On the Use of the Tonir at the Aruch Site (Republic of Armenia): An Ethnoarchaeological Analysis

The medieval site of Aruch represents an exceptional context for the study of traditional Armenian ovens, called tonir, attested in large quantities and of different types. The unpublished results of this recent excavation conducted by the ISMEO - International Association for Mediterranean Studies in collaboration with the IAE NAS RA - Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia have made it possible to investigate various aspects related to these structures, such as the construction methods and materials used, but also the types of domestic activities associated with them. The study of tonirs was complemented by delving into the social and anthropological aspects related to the use of these ovens in contemporary Armenian communities. Direct interaction with the local community provided valuable information on aspects that cannot always be detected archaeologically, such as traditions related to food preparation and the role of these ovens as a focus of social interaction, both in private and collective contexts. This multidisciplinary approach makes it possible to link archaeological evidence with current practices, offering a deeper understanding of cultural continuity and transformations over time. The study of the Aruch tonirs not only illuminates aspects of medieval daily life, but also contributes to the enhancement of Armenia’s cultural heritage and the preservation of centuries-old traditions.