The influence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on male and female sexual dysfunctions: an updated review

Background: Sexual dysfunctions affect a large percentage of men and women worldwide. Dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MeD), may play a role in the protection of sexual dysfunction. The aim of the present narrative review was to investigate the influence of MeD dietary patterns on male and female sexual dysfunctions. We aimed to evaluate potential mechanisms and clinical implications that could prompt further research and dietary recommendations. Methods: An electronic database search was performed to identify and retrieve peer-reviewed articles that examined the association of the MeD with sexual function in adults. Results: Although the included studies were heterogeneous in design and outcome measures, most reported a positive association between increased adherence to a MeD pattern and better sexual function for both sexes. Higher adherence in men results in improved erectile performance and reduced frequency of erectile dysfunction. The results pointed to a possible improvement in all domains of overall sexual satisfaction for women who adhere to the MeD. Potential underlying mechanisms include improvements in vascular health, anti-inflammatory actions, and healthier metabolic profiles, which collectively may exert favorable effects on sexual function. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence supports a beneficial role of the MeD patterns on sexual health in both genders. While the findings are encouraging, confirmation of causality, together with more detailed practical recommendations, will require larger-scale, longitudinal, and interventional studies with standardized measures. Future work should focus on the identification of specific components of the MeD that promote the benefits described and explore personalized interventions to optimize sexual function.