This essay seeks to highlight the shared intellectual relationship in an abiding dialogue between Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt and their philosophical exchange on major historical-moral, historical-political questions after the Holocaust and in the immediate postwar period in Germany. I begin by framing the friendship between the two philosophes, imagining or describing their philosophical representations of each other, emphasizing Arendt’s beneficial and “feminine” contribution, as an explorer of the abyss and a “she philosopher of the overseas”, towards Karl Jaspers. In a second moment, I highlight the first differences of perspective and the distance to be, in 1933, a Jew woman and a German man, and to move on, through their correspondence restarted in 1945 and their respective essays written during 1945-1947, to show their divergent views on the historical catastrophe and on the Germany’s present under accusation. The third part, the main and most complex, addresses the stickiness of the “question of guilt”, which the two philosophers reflected on at about the same time, criticizing and deconstructing it and proposing further distinctions. Highlighting their hesitations regarding the concept of “collective guilt”, in favour of the ideas of “organised guilt” (Arendt) and of the “guilt” in Jaspers’s four declinations, the focus finally shifts to the concept of responsibility, widely shared by both. However, from this movement and intertwining of thoughts, the focus ultimately draws an important difference of perspective between the two: the enormity, the specificity, the radical novelty of the systematized mass extermination so firmly emphasised by Arendt and the Jaspers’s hesitation, or worse, blindness, particularly in those years, in wanting to recognize it as such.
In un primo momento, inquadro la relazione di amicizia tra i due filosofi, immaginando o descrivendo le rappresentazioni filosofiche dell’una nei confronti dell’altro (e viceversa), insistendo in particolare sull’apporto benefico e “femminile” di Arendt su Jaspers, in quanto esploratrice di abissi e “filosofa dell’oltremare”. In un secondo momento, evidenzio le prime differenze di posizione e la distanza tra l’essere un’ebrea, l’una, e un tedesco, l’altro, nel 1933, per poi passare, attraverso la loro corrispondenza epistolare, ripresa nel 1945 e i rispettivi saggi circoscritti principalmente agli anni 1945-1947, a mostrare, le loro profonde divergenze sulla catastrofe storica e il presente di una Germania messa sotto accusa. La terza parte, la principale e la più complessa, affronta le vischiosità della «questiona della colpa» della Germania e, nello specifico, quelle della «colpa collettiva», su cui i due filosofi riflettono quasi negli stessi anni ma per criticarla e decostruirla. Mettendo in luce le analisi, come pure le esitazioni, dell’uno e dell’altra circa il concetto di «colpa collettiva» e di «colpa» in tutte le sue varie declinazioni, e spostando infine l’attenzione su quello di responsabilità, emerge però, da questo movimento di pensieri, un’abissale differenza tra i due filosofi: l’enormità, la specificità, la novità dello sterminio di massa sistematizzato sottolineata a gran voce da Arendt e la quasi totale cecità di Jaspers nel volerle riconoscere tome tali.
Affacciati sull'abisso. Karl Jaspers e Hannah Arendt sulla "colpa" della Germania dopo il 1945 / Ombrosi, Orietta. - In: STUDI JASPERSIANI. - ISSN 2532-2834. - 13:(2025), pp. 149-180.
Affacciati sull'abisso. Karl Jaspers e Hannah Arendt sulla "colpa" della Germania dopo il 1945
Orietta Ombrosi
2025
Abstract
This essay seeks to highlight the shared intellectual relationship in an abiding dialogue between Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt and their philosophical exchange on major historical-moral, historical-political questions after the Holocaust and in the immediate postwar period in Germany. I begin by framing the friendship between the two philosophes, imagining or describing their philosophical representations of each other, emphasizing Arendt’s beneficial and “feminine” contribution, as an explorer of the abyss and a “she philosopher of the overseas”, towards Karl Jaspers. In a second moment, I highlight the first differences of perspective and the distance to be, in 1933, a Jew woman and a German man, and to move on, through their correspondence restarted in 1945 and their respective essays written during 1945-1947, to show their divergent views on the historical catastrophe and on the Germany’s present under accusation. The third part, the main and most complex, addresses the stickiness of the “question of guilt”, which the two philosophers reflected on at about the same time, criticizing and deconstructing it and proposing further distinctions. Highlighting their hesitations regarding the concept of “collective guilt”, in favour of the ideas of “organised guilt” (Arendt) and of the “guilt” in Jaspers’s four declinations, the focus finally shifts to the concept of responsibility, widely shared by both. However, from this movement and intertwining of thoughts, the focus ultimately draws an important difference of perspective between the two: the enormity, the specificity, the radical novelty of the systematized mass extermination so firmly emphasised by Arendt and the Jaspers’s hesitation, or worse, blindness, particularly in those years, in wanting to recognize it as such.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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