Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology Infrastructure Implemented in an University LVAC Microgrid Lab

Electric vehicles (EVs) are at the heart of the transition to sustainable mobility and the smartification of energy systems. However, the large-scale integration of EV charging infrastructure and the widespread adoption of EVs brings with it new challenges for the electricity grid, related to overloads, congestion, and voltage and frequency unbalances. In Italy, experimentation with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies is still in its early stages, limited to a few pilot projects. In this context, the LAMBDA laboratory is a state-of-the-art infrastructure capable of performing advanced simulations and tests on real and simulated scenarios of bidirectional interaction between EVs, buildings and the grid. This paper describes the experimental activities conducted at the LAMBDA university laboratory. In particular, it shows the equipment installed, the planned operating modes, and the algorithm developed to simultaneously ensure the charging of EVs and the intelligent management of energy flows in the microgrid.