Among the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica, astronomical knowledge reached an extraordinary development, and yet scant traces of it can be found in the ethnographic records of their present-day descendants, as colonization imposed European cultural patterns even in what concerns concepts and practices related to astronomy. Nonetheless, the study of the ethnoastronomy of the Ikoots (or Huave) of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, whose fishing activities lead them to put their knowledge of the stars into practice every night to orient themselves spatially and temporally in the lagoons, attests to a rich combination of pre-Hispanic legacies, European colonial grafts, and creative modern reinterpretations. The examination of some concrete examples will allow us to reflect on the impact of the Dominican evangelizers’ impositions, which were much more related to the popular astronomical knowledge of peasants and sailors or to liturgical practices than to the learned knowledge of astronomers and astrologers. At the same time, this will show the importance that the simplest everyday practices - linked as they are to the cosmological meanings attributed to natural phenomena - can have in the preservation, reproduction, transformation and innovation of local knowledge.
Tra le antiche civiltà della Mesoamerica le conoscenze astronomiche raggiunsero uno sviluppo straordinario, e tuttavia ne restano ben poche vestigia nelle testimonianze etnografiche dei loro discendenti odierni, giacché la colonizzazione impose i modelli culturali europei anche in ciò che concerne le concezioni e le pratiche connesse all’astronomia. Ciononostante, lo studio dell’etnoastronomia degli Ikoots (o Huave) dell’Istmo di Tehuantepec, le cui attività alieutiche li portano a mettere in pratica ogni notte le loro conoscenze sugli astri per orientarsi spazialmente e temporalmente nelle lagune, attesta una ricca combinazione di retaggi preispanici, innesti coloniali europei e reinterpretazioni creative moderne. L’esame di alcuni esempi concreti permetterà di riflettere sull’impatto che ebbero le imposizioni degli evangelizzatori domenicani, assai più legate alle conoscenze astronomiche popolari di contadini e marinai o alle pratiche liturgiche che non ai saperi colti di astronomi e astrologi. E al contempo mostrerà l’importanza che le più semplici pratiche quotidiane – legate come sono ai significati cosmologici attribuiti alle componenti della natura – possono avere nella preservazione, nella riproduzione, nella trasformazione e nell’innovazione dei saperi locali.
La colonizzazione del cielo amerindiano. Evangelizzazione e sincretismo astronomico tra gli Ikoots del Messico / Lupo, Alessandro. - In: VOCI. - ISSN 1827-5095. - 22:(2025), pp. 173-196.
La colonizzazione del cielo amerindiano. Evangelizzazione e sincretismo astronomico tra gli Ikoots del Messico
Lupo Alessandro
2025
Abstract
Among the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica, astronomical knowledge reached an extraordinary development, and yet scant traces of it can be found in the ethnographic records of their present-day descendants, as colonization imposed European cultural patterns even in what concerns concepts and practices related to astronomy. Nonetheless, the study of the ethnoastronomy of the Ikoots (or Huave) of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, whose fishing activities lead them to put their knowledge of the stars into practice every night to orient themselves spatially and temporally in the lagoons, attests to a rich combination of pre-Hispanic legacies, European colonial grafts, and creative modern reinterpretations. The examination of some concrete examples will allow us to reflect on the impact of the Dominican evangelizers’ impositions, which were much more related to the popular astronomical knowledge of peasants and sailors or to liturgical practices than to the learned knowledge of astronomers and astrologers. At the same time, this will show the importance that the simplest everyday practices - linked as they are to the cosmological meanings attributed to natural phenomena - can have in the preservation, reproduction, transformation and innovation of local knowledge.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


