A bi-dimensional model bridging microdamage evolution and bone remodeling: a computational study on a human femur

Bone remodeling is a complex biological process that maintains skeletal integrity through adaptation to mechanical and biochemical stimuli. This study introduces a novel two-dimensional model designed to analyze the interaction between bone remodeling and damage evolution within a realistic femur geometry. The proposed methodology considers spatial variations in strain distribution and damage accumulation. The model augments a diffusion-based remodeling framework by incorporating damage evolution laws to predict microdamage progression, healing mechanisms, and biomechanical adaptation. Numerical simulations explore the impact of key parameters, including the diffusion of remodeling stimulus, damage accumulation, and healing rates. The results indicate that optimal remodeling occurs when stimulus diffusion is neither excessively rapid nor overly localized, identifying the femoral neck as a high-risk area for structural degradation. The findings provide clinically relevant information on fracture risk assessment, osteoporosis progression, and implant design optimization. Future investigations will aim to extend the model to three dimensions and include patient-specific anatomical characteristics to improve predictive capabilities.