Formal Methods as a Catalyst for Robust Smart Contracts in Blockchain

Blockchain technology has emerged as a secure and decentralized ledger, fundamentally transforming the verification and storage of transactions across various industries. At its core, smart contracts enable automated and trustless execution of agreements, offering immense potential for efficiency and transparency. However, these contracts face significant challenges in verification, security, and standardization, which hinder their adoption in critical applications.This paper investigates these challenges and highlights the role of Formal Methods in enhancing the security, correctness, and reliability of smart contracts. By synthesizing insights from existing research, tools, and approaches, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the domain. The integration of Formal Methods is proposed as a robust solution for addressing vulnerabilities, ensuring functional correctness, and establishing standardization practices, thereby advancing the practical and secure implementation of smart contracts in blockchain systems.