Metrology for underwater acoustics. Rethinking measurement strategies for the assessment of the environmental status

Underwater acoustics is a discipline that is facing an increased political attention due to the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the environment. Metrology for underwater acoustics is not yet linked to an established common frame, introducing uncertainties in the interpretation of signals aiming to provide clues on the status of the marine environmental status. Challenges in adopting technologies and procedures for the calibration and use of hydrophones are reported. An observation strategy that can be considered appropriate for the investigation of physical processes underlying the dynamics of the marine ecosystems is suggested.