A preliminary study of the effects of transformations induced by gamma-ray treatment on the detection of Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor allergenic proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques

Introduction. With the global population projected to reach approximately 9 billion by 2050, there’s a growing need to explore alternative food sources. Insects have emerged as a potential solution to meet food demand, offering a substitute for conventional livestock. However, a primary safety concern surrounding these novel foods is their allergenic potential, especially given the absence of standardized testing methodologies. To mitigate this risk, food irradiation has been explored as a method to reduce allergenicity in insects intended for human and animal consumption. Material and methods. This study utilized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the allergenic proteins in specific insect types after irradiation treatment. Results and discussion. Significant differences in detectable protein levels were observed between Tenebrio molitor and Acheta domesticus samples, but no significant differences in protein content were found between food and feed samples of both species under identical irradiation conditions. Further research is required to ensure the protocol’s suitability for more complex food matrices.