Sustainable battery components from biomass-derived lignin and cellulose extracted using deep eutectic solvents

Toward a more sustainable energy storage system, greener battery components were developed using lignin (LSE) and cellulose (CP), extracted from poplar wood and pistachio shells, respectively. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were employed as eco-friendly extraction media for CP, owing to their low toxicity, simple preparation, recyclability, and cost-effectiveness, while a traditional steam explosion method was used for LSE extraction. The extracted LSE was used to synthesize hard carbon anode material, delivering stable capacity values exceeding 330 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles. On the other hand, CP was evaluated as a binder substituting sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in aqueous LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)-based cathode slurries. Electrochemical performance in Li-metal cells demonstrated that CP provided enhanced long-term cycling stability, while CMC showed superior rate capability.