Design and control of a PV-based energy management system for grid-connected EV charging station in AC microgrid

This study introduces an advanced control strategy for a photovoltaic (PV)-based energy management system, designed for integration with an Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) in microgrid in both Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) modes. The proposed system utilizes a combination of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for grid synchronization, Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers for current regulation, and voltage reference generation to ensure smooth and efficient operation. The system optimizes power flow management by seamlessly switching between PV energy supply, V2G, and G2V modes based on the vehicle's state of charge (SOC) and available solar power. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the control strategy, demonstrating successful power flow transitions, grid synchronization, and efficient reactive power management under varying operational conditions. The system proves its robustness in managing dynamic loads, ensuring high energy transfer efficiency in both grid-connected and stand-alone operations. This study paves the way for smart grid applications, improving the reliability and performance of renewable energy systems in EV charging infrastructure.