EV parking lot with V2G/V2V-based energy management system. A case study

The recent growth in electric vehicle (EV) users sets the stage for the development of a scenario in which EV charging could cause overload and congestion problems in the power grid, particularly when considering large numbers of vehicles concentrated at certain points in the grid. The implementation of bidirectional smart charging technologies such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), are a potential solution to these problems. This paper presents an algorithm for optimizing the energy exchanged by a fleet of EVs, located within a university parking lot with multiple twoway charging infrastructures. The system shown allows the user to set the dwell time and state of charge with which he or she wants to leave the parking lot. Energy for charging comes from a photovoltaic system and a battery energy storage system (BESS) dedicated exclusively to the parking lot infrastructures. This approach uses V2V and V2G technologies to share energy for charging evenly to all EVs, preserving the health of the batteries and satisfying user demands. The algorithm has been tested through simulations based on production real data from the PV and variable EV parameters, such as the capacity and states of charge. The paper concludes by illustrating and analyzing the results obtained, highlighting the contribute of energy management algorithms to solving grid congestion and improving peak shaving.