Il ritorno dei Karađorđević al trono di Belgrado nel 1903 nella corrispondenza diplomatica italiana

The main aim of this essay can be considered not only a reconstruction of the facts that leaded toward the bloody coming back of the Karađorđević dynasty – in the “May Conspiracy” - on the throne of Belgrade, but also a close examination of the European Power balances existing at the beginning of the XX century. The trouble of the international recognition of king Peter of Serbia, after his election by the Narodna Skupština on June 15th, 1903 and of the punishment of the conspirators who taken part to the killing of King Alexander Obrenović and his wife, Queen Draga, placed Italy in a delicate situation concerning the autonomy range of its diplomatic action with regard towards her allies, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and France, especially after the 1902 rapprochement towards the latter. Italy, in particular, was also indirectly, but not in an irrelevant way, tied with the Karađorđević dynasty through the Petrović-Njegoš one: prince Nikola was father of Queen Elena, married to King Victor Emanuel III and of princess Zorka, then married to Peter Karađorđević, and prematurely died. It is also for this reason that Italian diplomacy doesn’t risk too daring hypotheses about the Montenegro’s involvement, although indirect, in the 1903 facts, about which would be interesting to conduct further researches especially on the Italian point of view.