Exploring the link between cervical cancer screening and COVID-19 vaccination adherence. Evidence from a pilot study in Rome, Italy (2021-2022)

Introduction. Oncological screenings and vaccinations are essential preventive strategies, yet participation in both remains suboptimal and variable. Methods. This pilot study examines the association between cervical cancer screening adherence and COVID-19 vaccination uptake among women aged 25-64 years in a large Local Health Authority in Rome, Italy, during 2021-2022. Analyzing data from 101,302 women, we identified a strong positive association between COVID-19 vaccination status and cervical screening participation, suggesting that common determinants influence both behaviors. Results. Age and area of residence also emerged as predictors of screening adherence, with lower participation observed among younger women and those living in central districts. Conclusions. Our findings highlight the need to foster a broader culture of prevention by integrating vaccination and screening efforts to improve public health outcomes. Enhancing health literacy and addressing shared barriers may increase participation in both programs. However, further research is needed to validate these findings, explore the underlying determinants of preventive behaviors, and develop targeted interventions to boost adherence to prevention programs.