Study on the Distribution of Environmental Factors in Urban Parks from the Perspective of Public Health

Urban parks are one of the main open spaces, and their internal environment is closely related to the health of residents. A better urban park environment can increase the frequency of residents' outdoor activities and enhance the vitality of urban. How do the characteristics of urban parks landscape affect the microclimate and public health? In this research, through the investigation of three urban parks cases in China, it was analyzed the correlation between parameters of urban parks landscape and the microclimate and the public health. The internal spaces of the three urban parks are classified into five types (open squares, lawns, semi-indoor spaces, forested spaces and waterfront spaces). The spatial and temporal distribution of environmental factors in urban parks and their relationship with residents' health were investigated through field surveys, monitoring environmental factors (wind speed, temperature, humidity, sky view factor (SVF), leaf area index (LAI)) and population distribution characteristics in different spaces. The results showed that the comfort levels of lawn, semi-indoor, forest and waterfront spaces were the best level, and the comfort levels of open squares were on the hot level. Comforts in urban parks were influenced by the overall environment of the city. During the daytime, humidity and wind speed affect the changes of population distrubution characteristics. However, SVF and LAI did not change population distribution characteristics. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for future planning, design and management of urban parks aiming at public health.