Health Literacy, Distributed Health Literacy, Public Health Literacy: online survey on a sample of patients registered with General Practitioners

This study investigates a convenience sample of Italian patients of General Practitioners to evaluate Health Literacy (HL) levels and their relationship with socio-demographic determinants and the perception of physical and mental health. The analysis revealed a significant association between age and HL, as older participants were more likely to present inadequate levels. Furthermore, higher HL was associated with a better perception of both physical and mental health, independently of demographic factors. Interpreting HL as a potential mediator between socio-economic status and health outcomes highlights its strategic role in reducing inequalities. Targeted initiatives to strengthen HL, together with health services more responsive to the needs of individuals with limited literacy, may contribute to improving citizens’ well-being and to promoting equity-oriented public health policies.