Autism spectrum disorders knowledge. Results from an Italian nursing students multicenter cross-sectional study

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a constantly evolving neurodevelopmental condition that requires specific preparation by the entire multidisciplinary team. However, multiple scientific evidences report little training on ASD in nursing degree courses. The study above aims to assess the level of theoretical knowledge of Italian students regarding autism in pediatric age. Materials and Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 students enrolled in the Nursing degree programme, regularly enrolled in the 2nd and 3rd years of the course at different Italian universities, with or without previous experience in pediatric or mental health services. Knowledge was assessed by administering a validated questionnaire, the Knowledge About Childhood Autism Among Healthcare Workers (KCAHW). Sociodemographic variables and information on training and placement experience with children with ASD were collected. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The average score obtained on the KCAHW was 9.5 out of 19 (SD = 2.78), indicating an insufficient level of knowledge. Scores were significantly higher among students with direct experience with children with ASD (median: 11.0 vs. 9.3; p=0.015) and among female students than male students (mean: 9.9 vs. 8.7; p=0.016). Theoretical training and age were not significantly different. Discussion: The results indicate the existence of a vital training gap. Direct clinical experience proves to be decisive in the improvement of theoretical knowledge. Integrating compulsory modules and structured ASD training in nursing education is recommended to ensure competent, small patient-centred care.