Ecologically sound strategies for renewable energy transition: Balancing conservation and energy development in coal plant conversions

The urgency to mitigate climate change and halt biodiversity loss underscores the importance of adopting conservation-driven approaches to energy transition. Converting coal plants to renewable energy facilities offers a pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize habitat destruction associated with fossil fuel extraction. However, this transition must be carefully managed to avoid unintended ecological consequences and safeguard biodiversity. This study proposes a framework rooted in conservation principles, encompassing wind, solar and hydropower facility conversions. It emphasizes the integration of conservation considerations into decision-making processes and offers practical strategies tailored to each main renewable energy technology. Practical implication. Through collaboration among stakeholders and informed decision-making, this research aims to ensure a sustainable energy future while preserving biodiversity.