IThermoGraph: IoT-Integrated Graphene-Based Thermocouple for Real-Time Temperature Monitoring

In this paper, we demonstrate an IoT-enabled system for a graphene-based wearable thermocouple that monitors body temperature. Real-time temperature monitoring is achieved via a graphene-based thermocouple connected to an ESP32 microcontroller, with the signal amplified by an LM324 operational amplifier. We carried out experimental validation to calibrate the thermocouple against a commercially available Ktype thermocouple. On the processing side, we use the moving average filter (MAF) to stabilize the time-series data and enhance temperature predictions. The feasibility of the proposed solution is confirmed via hardware experiments. Furthermore, we extend our work to enable real-time remote monitoring via smartphones and personal computers (PCs)