Insight the lithiation process of Micro and Nanoparticles TiO2-Anatase based electrodes

Here we present a comparative analysis of TiO2 anatase microparticles and nanoparticles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). TiO2 anatase is recognized for its high volumetric capacity, cost-effectiveness, safety, and structural stability upon lithium insertion. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of commercial TiO2 microparticles and nanoparticles are investigated in lithium cells to shed light in the interplay between thermodynamic, kinetic, faradic and capacitive features. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Operando Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical testing, including cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling, were performed to elucidate the lithium insertion -deinsertion mechanisms. Results indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit higher specific capacities and better rate capabilities compared to microparticles, attributed to their smaller size and larger surface area. The study highlights the distinct redox mechanisms and the influence of particle size on the faradic and capacitive contributions to charge storage, assessing onto a comprehensive description the impact of nanosizing on the TiO2-based anodes for high-performance LIbs.